last edited 4 years ago

y4s2-el4131-revision.md


sci/tech (x3)

relationships?

undermine

Human relationships built on body language, tone, nuances (this is a y2 point)

“When AI is programmed, it has a goal in mind,” says Lakhani, “and a lot of AI is designed to drive patterns. If you rely too much on AI to give you information, or social prompts, it risks reinforcing your beliefs. That’s dangerous. Empathy is about understanding the feelings and viewpoints of others. AI can remove that serendipity and just feed you with what you like.”

Priya Lakhani, founder and CEO of Century Tech, which uses cognitive neuroscience to help teachers.

Assistive technology

Formation of emotional connections; suspension of disbelief

Social media and dopamine boosts

Empathic technology

supplant

Escapism; lack of consequences

A fundamental loneliness despite a fundamental connection

benefit?

https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2019/06/empathetic-technology-experiencing-life-through-the-looking-glass/ Empathetic technology: experiencing life through the looking glass

  • Could these immersive technologies improve our empathy?
  • Building of rapport

ai?

Technology is the result of human knowledge and scientific developments (product of ingenuity etc)

AI: when algorithmic tools begin to supplant these roles?

Artificial intelligence (not to be confused with machine learning): development of automated systems which normally require human intelligence

Threatens “white-collar” jobs too :(

  • Philosophical questions about the need for work in general

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/us/politics/military-cyberweapons-artificial-intelligence.html

  • Weapons systems; evolution with the times

Inflexibility

  • Google image recognition; black people -> “gorilla”
  • Ultimately the mistakes made are still humans’ -> is all we’re doing entrusting specific humans with more responsibility?
    • Specifically, tech giants etc?
  • Accounting for possible cases; predictions and training data
    • Many situations faced today depend on irrationality and unpredictability

politics :<

US-China fundamental tensions

  • Trade war etc

  • Tiktok https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/07/13/tiktok-privacy/

But there’s scant evidence that TikTok is sharing our data with China, and we should be wary of xenophobia dressed up as privacy concerns.

Geoffrey A. Fowler

China: surveillance tech; human rights issues; ‘great firewall’ -> narrative control;

Europe: relative weakness in terms of tech

  • https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/world/europe/eu-us-china-technology.html
  • Europe Feels Squeeze as Tech Competition Heats Up Between U.S. and China
  • focus more on influencing digital economy via a regulatory role
  • rigid regulations: undermine competitiveness?

Globalisation and xenophobia

  • Ease of interference
  • Interconnectedness and international cooperation

surveillance

This is a little microcosm of the whole science and tech debate.

Data processing taken to an extreme; ultimate efficiency / information weighed against respect for individual privacy and rights / risk of misuse

Basically use China for half your examples, because their system is so sophisticated and so prone to potential abuse

But you can also use other countries… eg US and such

State surveillance: data owned by govt

Corporate surveillance: data owned by companies

Surveillance capitalism: data as a commodity

the good

Wide efficiency and scale

  • Convenience in verification / purchases / etc
  • Easy to locate / track criminals: security
    • Crime rate would decrease
    • Overall safer society
  • Accountability for one’s actions

the bad

Misuse

  • If govt is corrupt / chooses to discriminate based on certain factors
    • Profiling; ‘prediction’ and enhanced screening for those who have done nothing wrong
    • Discrimination
      • Exacerbated by the fact that if you approach it algorithmically, demographic does have a non-negligible correlation with deviance
      • Xinjiang
    • Political dissenters
  • If third parties gain access to the data (illicitly or otherwise)
    • Advertising

Privacy concerns

Extent of control

  • Too much power to governing body -> imbalance
    • Easy to silence / censor people
  • Impact of issues / glitches (though minor)

why is privacy necessary?

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/opinion/internet-privacy-project.html

  • Respect
    • To respect someone’s rights as an individual is to avoid intrusion beyond a certain level
  • Freedom
    • If you have information about someone you have the means to track them down by actions / beliefs / movement
      • Targeting selectively
      • Freedom of expression restricted
  • New paradigms; traditional definition?
    • A ‘contract’: convenience / freedom for a permanent record
    • Not intrinsically bad
    • A group of people used a live-streaming camera at Bryant Park to find a specific professor, using Amazon tech and a few days
      • Virtually impossible to prevent by now

Where AI is the crystallisation of rapid advancement and unpredictability (risk; ‘technical’ side), surveillance is the crystallisation of the collective efficiency / individual respect debate. (‘moral’ side)

AI research requires data to proceed gained through forms of surveillance Surveillance is of course enhanced through ‘AI’ research developments

Essentially, collection of data vs use of data.

Do I have actual points or am I just braindead?

We will never know.


youth (x1)

What is the significance of being a youth?

Peru’s movement of working children (book by Jessica Taft, 2019)

  • Horizontalism: equal dignity and respect
  • Real authority vs just voice
  • On the other hand, child labour bad .-.

This could be a decent hook?

responsibilities?

Education

  • Activism over school?
    • Youth activism; Malala and Greta
    • Real life experience? Relevance?

difficulties

  • Naïveté
  • Weakness (in only the physical sense)
  • “Lack of adversity” (ha)
  • Stress
  • Prejudice

strengths

  • Flux and adaptability
  • Drive

prejudice (x1)

‘modes’

gender

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/upshot/gender-roles-housework.html

  • Both parents working full time desirable: 11% (vs past 4%)
  • 2014: stay at home mother 23% from 44%

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/singapore-gender-equality-women-white-paper-sexual-violence-13133672

Aware 2018: survey 500 S’porean women, >50% underwent harassment

To be honest I’ll probably avoid this question

general (x1)

dieee

past question planning

We’ve gone over those during lessons as a class, but how would I execute these myself?

Is it increasingly difficult for youths to overcome challenges in today’s modern society?

Class discussion

Modern challenges

  • Food shortage
  • Climate crisis
  • AI and unemployment
  • Xenophobia and political tensions
  • Pandemic

There’s little a youth can do about most of those.

Personal ‘insights’

What characterises a ‘youth’? Naïvete, innocence, flexibility, the lack of a ‘stand’ in society, the focus on education as a responsibility.

Youths are often seen as agents of change, either immediately or eventually.

For the most part there isn’t very much they can do.

But what challenges are there for them to overcome, especially nowadays?

  • Xenophobia and intolerance — they have a role in this.
    • Globalisation and Internet influence; generally more tolerant
  • Activism (climate crisis and similar problems)?
    • Or rather discrimination and prejudice?
  • An age of technology
    • Exposed from an early age; may face less difficulty adapting
  • (CA) Policies not theirs to shape, changes not theirs to make
    • We live at a tipping

Can AI solve the world’s pressing problems?

Class discussion

401 insights: see previous

40x discussion:

  • AI is insufficient because it may not have the data / ability to make judgements as flexibly as a human
  • AI is unhelpful because humans trust its judgement too much (beyond how it can realistically perform)
    • This is an interesting point but a weak one; humans’ trust therein (and thus the consequences of a breach thereof) is irrelevant as to whether the problem is solved

Personal insights

AI is fundamentally a method to process data and optimise approaches.

Many problems rely on human negligence / illogic and cannot be solved easily.

i.e. AI gives you the “what” to do, not the “how” to do it?

What AI can alleviate: deterministic problems

  • Managing food shortage / necessities issues (just make more food!)

What AI cannot alleviate: ‘human error’ problems

  • Pandemic (unless you install a surveillance system like China, we all know what is to be done but not how to enforce it)
  • Climate change and political tensions (though the part played in shaping public opinion may be useful)

What AI worsens: job insecurity

  • Creates more turmoil and flux by threatening current vocations (you know how to write on this)

The earth is too small for humanity. Comment.

Class discussion

Humanity: reflection of human moral values (instead of physical ‘mankind’)

Analysis of whether ‘positive’ moral values outweigh ‘negatives’ as exhibited today

Not physical size, obviously.

Personal ‘insights’

In simple terms: we (and the earth) have resource problems, can we solve them?

  • Do we know how to solve them?
  • Can we implement these plans together?
  • Can we avoid making more problems?

Or, in terms of ‘humanity’:

  • Wisdom and foresight (vs ignorance)
  • Cooperation and harmony, mutual tolerance
  • Greed, ambition

That’s it. Those are the three points.

Introduction

“Kurzgesagt”: point out the stand more clearly. Given how many issues we have here on earth, given humanity’s expansionist tendencies and values, are we doomed to fall into the habit of making our mistakes again and again?

Point: Wisdom

Bring in ‘technology’ and ‘globalisation’ points: we have access to all information at our fingertips. Research and developments have mades us incredibly intelligent and provided us with so much knowledge / potential.

So why are we still dumb?

Climate change and the many who outright deny it.

The pandemic and the misbeliefs it has unearthed.

The relative inaction which all our ignorance has merited us.

Point: Cooperation

This is the politics point. Discuss global tensions, rise of xenophobia, intolerance in the form of racism and sexism etc, perhaps the youths are getting more progressive nonetheless (silver lining)

Point: Greed and ambition

This is the environment point. Perhaps politics may tie directly into this. Economy, pandemic again (shortsightedness), expansionism itself leading to intolerance. Climate change, the oil industry, new technologies and systems being adopted at the cost of others— who’s to say we’ll treat the earth any better?

Counterargument: this can be remedied

Wholesome? Talk about how the youth are actively curbing this by making a difference, the role of power structures (United Nations), the existence of technology and its role as a stabilising factor / limiting resources.

Counter this by pointing out vocal minorities and conceding that nothing ever changes.

general notes

  • Don’t be afraid to metaphor- and personification-spam and be needlessly poetic, but don’t make it forced (you know this well)
    • But please be consistent
  • Good essays generally include a personal voice. This could comprise (in my case) a slight waxing of poetic, some appropriate wordplay and humour, but don’t overdo it obviously
  • Maybe actually go for a PEEL structure for once? ensure each piece of evidence is appropriately explained. remember your CA and rebuttal
  • Time management. You have ninety minutes.
    • Ten minutes to plan (select and dissect question, decide on main points, maybe plan out some evidence)
      • 1430-1440
    • Ten minutes for intro
      • 1440-1450
    • Fifteen minutes per body paragraph
      • 1450-1505-1520-1535-1550
    • Ten minutes to conclude and check
      • 1550-1600
      • Inclusive of a little buffer time